• Individual Causes

1. ​Genetic Factors
2. Environmental Factors
3. Gender  

• Triggers  

1. Exposure to situations in which one's EGO is/may be harmed​
2. One's 'View of World' incompatible with current actual situation - inability to peruse personal reassessment &values

• Threats &Harm

1. Physical Harm - Sympathetic Nerve Hyperactivity(HPA Axis negative feedback)
2. ​Psychological Harm -  UNCONSCIOUS conflicts between id impulses' threats（sexual or aggressive types) and constraints imposed by EGO & SuperEGO, in application of Defense Mechanism to cope, causing frustration and hurting self-esteem in reality

• Benefits

           Pressure/Drive to perform beyond one's capability | Digging one's potential beyond one's own   

           knowledge and cognition​

• Consequences/Results  

           Fight-Flight stress-response HPA axis bio-reactions

           Often do not deal with the conflicting issues but ignore, avoid or dump the problems, potentially  

           believing "their anxiety as a result of being threatened by 'painful stimuli' which can only be controlled  

           by avoidance".

• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Phobia
• OCD(Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)
• PTSD(Post-traumatic Stress Disorder)
• Depression
• Bipolar or MPD(Multiple Personality Disorder)

• Scenario: student takes an exam with 'Carrot &Stick Mechanism'
• Criteria: Fear of Negative Evaluation
• Why 'proper stimulation' is productive? 

1. 'OPTIMAL level of Stimulation' is necessary for 'Maximl  Performance', like exam, task deadline, work OKRs, game, competition, etc
2. However, when the anxiety or 'level of stimulation' EXCEEDS that OPTIMUM, results in 'a DECLINE in Performance'

• What miscognition gives rise to Anxiety under optimal level of stimulation?

1. Association of grades with personal worth
2. Imagined fear of being eliminated or distained by the leader or authority; fear of alienation from parents or friends
3. Ego is threatened by id impulses that it cannot control------->Delusion of feeling inferior, embarrassed, ashamed, guilty invoked by unconscious id whose vanity desires originated from 'omnipotent narcissism' are suppressed by superego
4. Discomforted sense of feeling helpless, losing control of time and direction originated from one of the subconscious archetypes from id impulses

• Key Principle: Degree of Anxiety depends on our 'Level of Control'
• Combination of Both Methods as below:
  • Problem-based: Issues-Realization by appraising anxiety-evoked situation and deal with Prob-Solving skills
  • Emotion-based: Attention transfer, breathing or mindfulness guidance(as if perceiving problems as friendly and soluble) to reduce the intensity feelings prior to dealing with the problem
• Treatment Alternatives
  • CBT - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • PAM - Parental Anxiety Management
  • Hypnotherapy/Hypnosis
  • Decrease in caffeine intake